Former judge Sam Hou Fai set to become Macau’s first mainland-born leader, eyes economic diversification

Former top judge Sam Hou Fai is set to become Macau’s first mainland-born leader after being elected chief executive-designate in an uncontested vote. Sam secured 394 out of 398 votes from an election committee largely comprised of Beijing loyalists. He is expected to assume office in December as Macau marks the 25th anniversary of its handover to Chinese rule.

Sam’s election comes at a significant time for Macau, as the Chinese special administrative region looks to diversify its economy, traditionally dominated by gambling. In his election speech, Sam vowed to reduce Macau’s heavy reliance on the gaming industry, aligning his plans with Beijing’s directives to steer the city toward broader economic growth.

“We must urgently improve business conditions and support smaller enterprises,” Sam said, stressing the need for diversification. He also hinted at the creation of public funds aimed at developing industries beyond gambling.

Macau’s gambling sector, a key driver of its wealth, has been hit hard in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic, which brought travel restrictions and social distancing measures, exposed the city's vulnerability to its dependence on gaming, which had accounted for nearly 60% of its GDP from 2011 to 2013. By 2023, that figure had fallen to less than 40%.

Outgoing chief executive Ho Iat Seng had launched initiatives to promote other sectors, including tourism, commerce, finance, and traditional Chinese medicine, but the need for further efforts remains pressing. Sam is expected to continue these initiatives while also fostering deeper cooperation with mainland China in areas such as trade, finance, tourism, and high technology.